Rationality And Sentimentality Wives Heroic And Pitiful...

Rationality and Sentimentality: Wives Heroic and Pitiful In spite of the fact that neither Penelope nor Jocasta is the protagonist in the two great works Odyssey and Oedipus, the two characters both play important roles in driving the plots ahead, significantly contributing to the completely different fates of their husbands, Odysseus and Oedipus. Jocasta is a typical representative of the group of women who are passive and dependent. She inevitably falls victim to the male world, in that she fades into the background of the play and is marginalized under the masculine value system. Penelope, on the contrary, is a model of the active and dynamic female image. She is intelligent and courageous enough to act on her own free will and to display her talents at the center of the male stage. Instead of complying to the given adversity, she withstands the pressure of public opinions and takes initiative to convert her unfavorable situation. Consequently, the successful return of Odysseus and the miserable banishment of Oedipus are not unpredictab le under these circumstances. The sharply contradictory decisions of Penelope and Jocasta illustrate evidently the remarkable influences the wives have on their husbands’ destinies. Penelope, as the wife of Odysseus, symbolizes the sweet and warm home that wanderer Odysseus yearns to return and also the irreplaceable history and memories of Odysseus. Hence, the actions that Penelope takes should be considered a significant component ofShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAttribution Theory 168 †¢ Common Shortcuts in Judging Others 170 †¢ Specific Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations 173 The Link Between Perception and Individual Decision Making 174 Decision Making in Organizations 175 The Rational Model, Bounded Rationality, and Intuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints 184 Individual Differences 184 †¢ Organizational Constraints 186 What About Ethics in Decision

The House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros - 1132 Words

Personal changes within a person are caused by the major and minor decisions and events that affect their lives. In the collection of short stories, The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, she focuses on a young Hispanic girl named Esperanza Cordero who grew up on Mango Street. As she is changing and maturing, she writes down her experiences about discrimination of gender, sexual orientation, and more. Esperanza s transformation from a young and innocent girl to a mature woman is displayed through her self-realization and experiences that help Cisneros reveal how one s own experiences can lead to the discovery of their identity. A factor that causes important changes in a person’s life is when one experiences the self-realization†¦show more content†¦Not a daddy s. A house all [her] own (Cisneros 108). Esperanza wants her own house, and not her father s or her husband s which shows her growth into an independent person. She wants a house all [her] own, which shows the importance of her finding her own identity. She emphasizes on Not a man s house... [or] a daddy s because she is not someone s daughter or wife, but her own person. Before, Esperanza did not know that she needed to have her own identity, but by wanting her own house and not a house that belongs to someone else, it shows the transformation that Esperanza experiences since the beginning. Because in the beginning, she did not have her own identity, but by realizing and understanding the importance of her independence and her own individuality. Thus, through her self-growth, Cisneros demonstrates how Esperanza becomes a more indepen dent person as well as her experiences with the world transforming her into a more mature woman. Another factor in achieving maturity is through one’s experience with life. Esperanza s experience shows the transformation of her ignorance to the understanding of what many men perceive women as. A woman from the wealthier side of the neighborhood gave Lucy, Rachel, and Esperanza a pair of high heels, which they wear it down the street when Mr. Benny says [t]hem are dangerous... You girls tooShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1297 Words   |  6 Pagesto think of a story to create, most of the advice given to them is â€Å"write what you know.† This was perfect advice for Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros, who draws upon her coming-of-age events throughout her childhood and adolescence in â€Å"The House on Mango Street.† Drawing from life stories, her alter ego â€Å"Esperanza† describes everything from the house she lived in, to the hair on people’s heads. These personal stories show a stark contrast for any reade r of a different culture, and confirmRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros913 Words   |  4 Pagesvignettes that made up â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, a coming-of-age novel by Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros in this specific vignette reveals the inherent oppressiveness of all marriages, which by their nature rob people of their independence. Sally is not even eight grades and she gets married. Her husband is a marshmallow salesman that she meets at a school bazaar. She moves to another state where is legal their marriage. Sally tells Esperanza about her house and domestic objects thatRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1854 Words   |  8 Pages The Street That Changed a Life The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, displays a great emphasis on culture and people helping form a young girl into a young lady. The main character, Esperanza, has to navigate a mentally and physically challenging life growing up in a poor, Hispanic neighborhood while still learning how to mature and rise above the poverty that surrounds her. Thus, the question arises: in what way and to what extent does close human interaction change Esperanza’s lifeRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros886 Words   |  4 PagesThe House on Mango Street is a novel by Sandra Cisneros. The novel is acclaimed by critics and used in schools all around the world. â€Å"The House on Mango Street† is about a young Latina girl who is about the age of 12 when the novel begins. Sandra’s novels have sold over two million copies. Sandra was born on December 20, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois. In 2016, President Barack Obama presented her with the medal of ‘Nat ional Medal of Arts’. Title: The House on Mango Street Author: Sandra Cisneros TheRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2004 Words   |  9 PagesIn The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, twelve-year-old Esperanza Cordero must navigate through the trials and tribulations that one can associate when encountering young adulthood. The author Cisneros, utilizes her unique writing style of vignettes to illustrate the narrative voice of Esperanza in her text. A major theme that can be seen as the most prominent thus far, is on the feminist role of Esperanza as a female in her Latin American culture. The House on Mango Street is an overallRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros753 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you look at the cover of the book, The House on Mango Street, you see bright colors and a fun font. The first vignette that Sandra Cisneros writes is about Esperanza, a young Latino girl wishing that she had her own house, a house with trees and white fences. The way that Cisneros writes screams â€Å"little girl.† Howe ver, as you dive deeper into the book, the subject of each vignette gets darker. Slowly, we start to see the dangers of growing up as a young Latino girl in a Chicago neighborhoodRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe House on Mango Street, a novella by Sandra Cisneros, revolves around the idea of a developing Latino girl facing the difficulties of transitioning to a young mature woman. Esperanza moves into a house on Mango Street, where she meets many diverse influential people as she attempts to discover her true identity and understanding of the world. While doing this, she encounters the struggles of her community, socioeconomic class, and heritage. Esperanza’s opposing view of herself slowly adjusts asRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neig hborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (short for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango Street tells the life of EsperanzaRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1087 Words   |  5 PagesRiaz Salehi The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, portrays the life of a teenage girl named Esperanza living on Mango Street. Though Esperanza lives in a diverse city, pre-existing stereotypes are affecting how others(women?) are perceived and treated. Esperanza starts to see how to change her community and the negative view of herself by taking the wrong actions of other women and connecting them to her own life experiences. To begin with, Esperanza always saw this great distinctionRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2190 Words   |  9 Pagessociety centuries after its foundation. One of the books I feel perfectly touches on ethnicity in America specifically is Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street. Cisneros tells a coming of age story through brief episodes of a girl named Esperanza her life varying from things about her family, neighborhood, and different dreams and goals that she has. The House on Mango street is a personal and touching look at what it means to be a minority/immigrant in America as well what it means to grow up

The Wedding-Planning Industry and the Commodity Frontier

Question: Discuss about The Report on Wedding-Planning Industry and the Commodity Frontier? Answer: Introduction Demography discipline actually provides one amongst most powerful indicators for integration of the immigrants otherwise ethnic groups within multicultural societies through intermarriage amid people from dissimilar national origins and ethnic background. In fact, Marriage is very important demographic as well as life course occasion that usually signals the initiation of family formation plus childbearing (Blakely, 2007). Like with births plus deaths, another vital demographic event that are marriages have been recorded with registrar of the births, deaths plus marriages in nations which keeps records of such vital events. Such records are generally referred to important registration statistics plus are one amongst most important gatherings of the demographic information for any nation. There are several ways that the couples from dissimilar cultural backgrounds could choose to anyhow celebrate their real union called marriage. For us, being into event management business it will be just so sensible to have two different weddings for doing justice to both bride as well as groom (Boag and Cuskelly, 2000). Being born plus raised in a Scottish family groom will actually prefer to have a lavish rich and very colorful wedding whereas belonging to African culture the bride will like to held a Libation ceremony that will be all about honoring elders where a prayer will have to be said plus an elder will present water otherwise liquor as offering to the God and ancestral spirits for attaining their blessing. Discussion Scottish wedding- wedding traditions in Scotland are very rich plus colorful. From wooing plus courting, through Scottish wedding event, and on into home, traditions abound along with blessings and hilarity, as well as Scottish-ness. Beginning from initiation of courting procedure, the list will have to go through traditions and customs of the Scottish weddings in proper order in which they will take place, from Groom, leading to wedding ceremony plus on through At New Home. Within every single section, traditions will have to be listed in proper order of occurrence ~ except Wedding, which will be alphabetized as per their tradition and culture (Daniels and Loveless, 2007). African wedding- In Africa weddings are a totally family affair plus involve mixing of two different lives, two dissimilar families, and at times even two diverse communities! There also are several wedding traditions within African continent and actually no two of these are accurately same. However, in every community bride plays very vital role and she is thus treated with immense respect as she becomes a connection between unborn and ancestors. Thus the as per our management bride will be treated with full respect and care. As the bride belongs to East Africa, thus grooms family will move to brides village plus will set up the whole novel house there (Embugushiki, 2010). There will be several steps that will take place just before the marriage. Both bride and groom will be trained and tips will be provided on what is the actual way to be very suitable and caring partners. The bride will be sent to circumcision schools and there some women will teach her what is actually involved in any marriage, and within few ethnic groups she will also learn the secret codes as well as languages for better communication with her partner. Being in Wolof tribe elders of village will be gathered near the bride plus will give advice as well as gifts to her (Erlank, 2014). Particulars to be taken care of: Cost- From past experience,it can be said that blending oftwo diverse cultures is always additionally expensive, regardless of the slicing done. Based on who will pay for what, the money could be a vital factor while deciding the way in which the wedding would play out. As we can get some amazing deals from several venues, it will make extra sense to anyhow go ahead plus hold the ceremonies there. As the funds will be limited, thus we will need to get best possible sellers for catering and food and every other, it will make additional sense to totally concentrate finances upon single ceremony having two different traditions and cultures (Goyal, 2010). Location- Considering that Grooms family is from Scotland and Brides from Africa it is totally agreeable to host two separate occasions at single event. Thus a sole location will be chosen for the event where both the families and relatives from both parts will be called. That way, people wouldnt feel neglected. As the bride plus groom have their families in nearer proximity, and one side that is Grooms side has a larger guest than the brides side, thus location will lay more emphasis on Grooms culture and their likings (HARRIS, 2004). Engage both the cultures- There can several fun plus creative ways for incorporating the details from every side plus help families understand each other more appropriately. Here are some areas that will be considered At reception, a good fusion of African and Scottish dishes will be presented. Food from both the backgrounds will prove to be a great way for making people from both the sides feel extra comfortable having familiar tastes, plus exploration of new cuisine will also be possible (Humble, 2009) It will be good if we explain all the rituals at each stage of ceremony, so that no guests feel that they are left out or that they are unable to understand what is actually happening It will be a great time to bring in mix of both traditional and modern music. When using traditional dances and music, emphasis will be laid on both Scottish as well as African music. There will be plenty of options for organ music customary played plus people will love the idea of arranging a piper heralding bride's arrival at ceremony. Bagpipes are also very popular, particularly for the traditional Scottish weddings, and people will find this sound tremendously moving (Lau and Hui, 2010). An advantage of this piper will be that he's amongst of those few musicians that can play upon the move, thus he can actually offer the real feeling of the occasion while he walks bride into church otherwise later on when he signals arrival of top table at reception. Many thought plus consideration would go into dance, so songs for African guests must be chosen very carefully. This wedding ceremony will be totally complete without father-daughter dance as Africans have a tradition of such dance a t all the weddings (Luts and Siimets, 2002). Infusion of own style- In midst of the incorporating of two different cultures, it will be easy to anyhow forget that the bride and the groom have their own sole styles, too. We never want it to get diminished and proper will be taken as to the likings of both bride and the groom will have to be maintained properly. Get help plusstay organized- We can get lot of help from the brides Mom and Grooms mom as well. They might play a vital role in explaining all the details of the wedding and also their traditions and cultures. The help from families can help us understand the culture better and planning can be better (Mead, 2007). Communicate- For the bride, this wedding will be inherently a matter that will involve lot of spending and also will demand time, she will also spend time interacting with the friends and relatives. And they will all seem to provide advice for her. While dealing with the family especially the soon-to-be in-laws, it will be important for her to consider the lovable ones feelings but she will need to have final say in the decision. Giving the bride proper time to appropriately reach out as well as listen to things that are important to prevents any type of misunderstandings otherwise unfulfilled desires later on. And as this is a multicultural wedding this will be doubly true. Proper care will be taken that any of the sides do not feel neglected and hurt. It will be made sure that the bride and groom both chat with each others family members to guarantee that everything is well executed in the way which respects plus honors both the backgrounds (Mehndiratta, 2008). Keep things within the viewpoint of both parties- Until we start planning for wedding, we will not realize to what extent the wedding has come to look like a proper competitive sport. The bride might feel like she wants to have the best, and most creative, stunning, and unique, as well as perfectly-crafted ceremony that would unfold flawlessly, just like a movie. It will be very easy to anyhow get enfolded up in such mindset and initiate hunting down the vintage typewriters, perfect shade fir everything, thousands of the masons jars, and refuse to anyhow rest until it is all "perfect." Such pressure could also intensify when we will be planning this multicultural wedding. As there's nothing really wrong when having some cool wedding facts, it will be important to all time remember that every detail "stuff" also is minor to the reason why we are doing all this in first place. Thus before undertaking anything each and every bit must be discussed with both the families (MEIKLE, 1999). Parking and Traffic Management It will be very important that management of crowd is done efficiently and it must be ensured that all this never ends up in any type of conflict. It will be necessary to ensure that smooth running of event takes place. Managing 300 guests will not be an easy task. So everything needs to be anyhow considered like crowd profile and parking. In selecting the location we will consider the extent to which it will be easy for people to attain access and also that what extent of car parking amenities will be made available. As 300 guests will arrive to the event there is an assumption of about 200 cars arriving at the party. For this we will make arrangement for parking of some 250 cars (WEISS and WELZ, 2014). Unplanned plus uncontrolled access as well as egress to the site can result in some serious accident. Stewards will be needed to direct people for the parking locations and setting of the cars in the parking zones. Both traffic flows as well as pedestrian routes will have to be taken into consideration. Good and efficient people will be required to manage the traffic and the cars. Conclusion: Our roles as the event organizers will demand full care and extra concern for the event and all the facts detailed above will have to be considered. Being an event organizer we will have several vital roles as well as duties which will have to be accomplished. In this event, the typical duties would usually include:- To research current market for identifying whether there are prospect for this form of events or not. That is all about searching whether the community of the location accepts such multicultural marriages or not . To properly communicate with the clients for determining their precise requirement for the event. We will need to anyhow create a methodical and complete proposal for event. This will include: - timelines and venues, suppliers, staffing, budgets and also legal obligations. We will need to set and agree as well as control the budget We will even need to properly book the venue for these events so that any clash does not take place in the peak moment. We will also need to fully guarantee that insurance, safety, legal and health requirements are stick on We will need to coordinate the venue management, contractors, caterers and stand designers as well as equipment hire. We will have to plan room layouts as well as schedule entire workshops. The ultimate straw of role of this event organizer will be that he/she will have to supervise disassemble as well as removal of event and even ensure about the clearing of venue competently after completion of the wedding event that took place in the venue. Thus, event management at a multicultural wedding will never be an easy task, yet few cautions and simple tactics can make the planning proper and one that can be relied upon. Also these strategies have been strictly followed. References Blakely, K. (2007). Busy Brides and the Business of Family Life: The Wedding-Planning Industry and the Commodity Frontier. Journal of Family Issues, 29(5), pp.639-662. Boag, A. and Cuskelly, G. (2000). Event management. Belconnen, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Daniels, M. and Loveless, C. (2007). Wedding planning management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. Embugushiki, A. (2010). Doing Things with Words: A Speech Act Analysis of a Christian Wedding. African Research Review, 4(1). Erlank, N. (2014). The White Wedding: Affect and Economy in South Africa in the Early Twentieth Century. Afr. stud. rev., 57(02), pp.29-50. Goyal, S. (2010). Event management. New Delhi: Adhyayan Publishers Distributors. HARRIS, V. (2004). MANAGEMENT PRACTICE EVENT MANAGEMENT: A NEW PROFESSION?. Event Management, 9(1), pp.103-109. Humble,  . (2009). The Second Time Round: Gender Construction in Remarried Couples Wedding Planning. Journal of Divorce Remarriage, 50(4), pp.260-281. Lau, C. and Hui, S. (2010). Selection attributes of wedding banquet venues: An exploratory study of Hong Kong prospective wedding couples. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(2), pp.268-276. Luts, M. and Siimets, H. (2002). Is Wedding Cake Valid Today? The Legal Function of Wedding Rites. Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore, 22, pp.115-123. Mead, R. (2007). One perfect day. New York: Penguin Press. Mehndiratta, V. (2008). Event management. Chandigarh, India: Abhishek Publications. MEIKLE, M. (1999). Scotland's Last Royal Wedding: The Marriage of James VI and Anne of Denmark . By David Stevenson. Pp. 158. ISBN 0 85976 451 6. Edinburgh: John Donald. 1997. Pb. 14.95. The Scottish Historical Review, 78(2), pp.263-265. Moran, J. (2009). How to start a home-based wedding planning business. Guilford Conn.: Globe Pequot Press. WEISS, T. and WELZ, M. (2014). The UN and the African Union in Mali and beyond: a shotgun wedding?. International Affairs, 90(4), pp.889-905. Whitford, M., Dunn, A. and Cooper, C. (2013). Event Management. Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Ltd.

s Oedipus Complex

, so watching the play was crucial for my understanding. The only thing in the play that I didn’t like is how the facts start to come up, but it took so long for Oedipus and Jocasta to figure out what had happened. Teiresias tells Oedipus he is the killer, and Oedipus still does not remember about what had happened at the place where three roads meet. That for me sounds almost impossible. Freud explains his theory of a child’s emotional conflict with the parents thus: â€Å"If Oedipus Rex moves a modern audience no less than it did the contemporary Greek one, the explanation can only be that its effect does not lie in the contrast between destiny and human will, but is to be looked for in the particular nature of the material on which that contrast is exemplified.† Furthermore, he makes another good point in saying that Sophocles’ work absolves men from any amoral responsibility and justifies the occurrence of the crimes as the gods’ will, as predicted by the oracle of Apollo. Thus, Oedipus Rex is a prime tragic play that has been studied and deconstructed by many philosophers and thinkers such as Freud for the complexity and depth of its work, finding in it explanations for human behaviors. The play describes so well human nature and the inevitable fate of man despite the concept of free will.... 's Oedipus Complex Free Essays on Freud\'s Oedipus Complex I was interested when I found out that we were supposed to read Oedipus Rex because for awhile I was in a psychoanalyses group where we would talk about our lives and hear about other people’s lives. In many of those sessions the psychologist would mention the Oedipus Complex, but I had no idea what it was about. After awhile I found out that it had something to do with the son being in love with the mother, or the daughter with her father, or that a man look for characteristics in a woman that remind him of his mother. While reading the play I had trouble understanding many of the words, so watching the play was crucial for my understanding. The only thing in the play that I didn’t like is how the facts start to come up, but it took so long for Oedipus and Jocasta to figure out what had happened. Teiresias tells Oedipus he is the killer, and Oedipus still does not remember about what had happened at the place where three roads meet. That for me sounds almost impossible. Freud explains his theory of a child’s emotional conflict with the parents thus: â€Å"If Oedipus Rex moves a modern audience no less than it did the contemporary Greek one, the explanation can only be that its effect does not lie in the contrast between destiny and human will, but is to be looked for in the particular nature of the material on which that contrast is exemplified.† Furthermore, he makes another good point in saying that Sophocles’ work absolves men from any amoral responsibility and justifies the occurrence of the crimes as the gods’ will, as predicted by the oracle of Apollo. Thus, Oedipus Rex is a prime tragic play that has been studied and deconstructed by many philosophers and thinkers such as Freud for the complexity and depth of its work, finding in it explanations for human behaviors. The play describes so well human nature and the inevitable fate of man despite the concept of free will....

Impact of Globalisation on Nokia Company Essay Example

Impact of Globalisation on Nokia Company Paper International Business Question 1. Using one specific company, with which you are familiar, examine the actual and potential impacts of globalisation on that company. Explain the reasoning behind the points you make. Evaluate possible strategies going forward which the company might use to respond to the impacts of globalisation you have identified. Table of Contents 1. Background 1. 1 What is Globalization? 1. 2 The Importance of Globalization regarding a business 1. 3 Nokia a brief introduction 2. Characteristics and issues influencing Globalisation 3. How globalisation impacts the company 3. Product 3 . 2 Logistics 3. 3 Acquisitions 4. Evaluation and recommendations 4. 1 Rugman and Collinsons integration-responsiveness framework 4. 2 PEST analysis 4. 3 SWOT analysis 4. 4 Conclusion 5. Bibliography Part 1 – Background 1. 1 What is Globalization? â€Å"Globalization the growing integration of economies and societies around the world â€Å" The World Bank Globalization is a very wide concept involving such diverse areas as global and domestic economies, politics, sociology and international relations. Because of this there is no general consensus regarding the definition of this phenomena. There also isn’t a clear agreement between when globalization began. Some say that it actually began when Christopher Columbus discovered America in the late 15th century and brought back such goods as tobacco, various spices and some others. While others say it’s a relatively new and began in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution. However people tend to agree that it’s never had such wide impact as in the last 20 years due to the introduction of the internet, mobile phones, decreased costs of transportation and manufacture of various goods. It’s agreed by most people that at least the following three elements are commonly involved in globalization: †¢ Shrinking Space. The lives of people are becoming more and more interconnected; not just domestically, but also globally. With increasing popularity of the social networking services such as facebook, twitter and skype it’s becoming easier to interact with people on the other side of the globe. Due to easier communication between human beings, people people in some cultures are becoming more aware of global norms. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Globalisation on Nokia Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Globalisation on Nokia Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Globalisation on Nokia Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Youth in Japan for example are refusing to work long hours although this was common in the past and still is amongst the older generation. †¢ Shrinking Time. Due to the various communication and information technologies and the pace of their development, events occurring in one place have close to instantaneous impacts in other places. Catastrophic events like attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Center during September 9/11 were reported globally in a matter of seconds and also had global effects on the prices of various stocks and currencies. Disappearing Borders. Borders of Countries around the world are becoming significant only on maps, as regional trade blocks (e. g. EU, NAFTA) and supranational bodies (e. g. IMF, WTO) increasingly override national policy making in economic and business issues as well as law enforcement and human rights. 1. 2 The Importance of Globalization regarding a business. Globalization should be important to every company because itâ€℠¢s nearly impossible to succeed for a large business in current economic conditions without carefully analysing every single angle of it. Companies worldwide are outsourcing the production of some and in some cases even all of their goods to other countries due to cheaper labour costs and cheaper raw materials. The transportation is becoming cheaper and cheaper due to improving technology, hence it is often more profitable produce the goods elsewhere and transport them directly to the consumer. Companies are also exporting certain branches of their company to other countries (e. g. utsourcing customer service calls to operators in India) Because of these decisions companies are saving vast amounts of money, hence they are able to decrease the prices of their goods and compete very aggressively with other companies. Due to the fierce competition many businesses are forced to also use the benefits of globalisation to their own advantage. In order to survive the harsh reality of competition businesses need to constantly be aware of changing conditions regarding the quality, efficiency and cost of production and various ot her important, but constantly fluctuating factors. . 3 Nokia a brief introduction Nokia is a leading manufacturer of mobile devices, with a market share of 30% of all mobile devices globally. Interestingly the company was founded in 1865 and started its operations by manufacturing paper. The company later added electricity generation to its business activities. In the beginning of the 20th century the company started making rubber shoes along with other rubber products. Shortly Nokia expanded to cable and electronics business. By the late 1960’s the company was responsible for many different industries, hence producing many completely different products. During the 1990s the company focused solely on the fastest growing segments in telecommunications and divested itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses. While Nokia remains the global leader of mobile devices, the market share is falling slightly. Same time last year the company had 34% global market share, 4% more than currently. Worryingly the profit fell by a staggering 40% in the second quarter of 2010, compared with the previous year. The company faces strong competition in the Smartphone segment, as Apple and Google recently entered the Smartphone sector with the iPhone and Google android phones accordingly. Part 2 – Characteristics and issues influencing Globalisation †¢ In the past the world economy was dominated by 2 (bi-polar) main areas – North America and Europe, however the world moved on to a tri-polar model where 3 regions dominate the entire world. These regions are North America, the European Union and South-East Asia and they account for roughly 80% of the total value of world exports and 84% of world manufacturing value added. There has been growth in international trade and capital flows for exports and foreign direct investment respectively. During the period between the 1980 to 2007 world exports of goods and services more than doubled, reaching over 17,000 billion USD in 2007 and accounting for over 31% of world GDP. †¢ There has been significant growth in the world cross- border Mergers and Acquisitions. Most activity regarding Mergers and Acquisitions is concentrated in the telecommunications and the media, financial services, insurance sectors. The global value of Mergers and Acquisitions rose from 200 billion USD in 1990 to 1600 billion USD in 2007. †¢ Over the past years there has been a rapid growth in regional trading agreements. To name a few – European Union, North American Free Trade Area, European Free Trade Association. Members of these regional trading arrangements have preferential treatment to trade in goods and services between members of these blocs. Multinational Enterprises began locating production facilities inside these RTAs to avoid protective and discriminatory barriers. Changing international labour costs are particularly important in the globalization movement as both wage and non-wage costs (like social security, taxes, etc. ) are one of the most important factors when a business, has to decide in which country to locate the production plants and export other areas of the company. However labour costs alone are a poor indicator, that’s why relative unit labour costs are often used instead, as the RULC takes into account not only the labour costs, but also the productivity of the workforce and the exchange rate. Another important factor influencing globalization is the increasing international communication. Over the 20 years from the 1990 to 2010 the international telephone calls have risen from 33 billion minutes to over 130 minutes. Worldwide Internet users have increased tremendously from 1990 to 2006. From 1. 7 users to 136 per 1000 people. Telephone lines increased six times in developing countries. In 1990 only 21 people had telephone line per 1000, while currently this number is a whopping 132 per 1000 people. †¢ Another important factor in many countries is growth in ageing populations. Although the median age of world’s population rose only from 23. 6 years to 26. 6 years from 1950s to 2008, it’s predicted that the median age over the coming 40 years will rise to 37 years by 2050. This will definitely affect the labor supply in some countries as well as the changing consumer tastes. Producers of goods and providers of various services will have to focus on the older generation. Part 3 How globalisation impacts the company 3. 1 Product Nokia operates a total of 15 manufacturing facilities located in Finland, Brazil, China, England, Hungary, India, Mexico, Romania and South Korea. The company produces standardised products worldwide due to the enormous benefits of the economies of scale. Nokia’s products are produced in exactly the same way in every country, the only difference being that company focuses on promoting different models in different countries in various continents. Naturally as disposable income in African countries is much lower than in other parts of the world the company focuses on selling cheaper, more economical budget phones, which appeal to the majority of locals. One of such examples of phones is the Nokia 1100. This simplistic device is the world’s best selling handset with the sales of 250 million since the launch in 2003. In addition to being the best selling mobile phone it’s also the best selling consumer electronics device in the world. Despite being released in 2003 when the phones already had colour screens and cameras this phone outsold all others just because the correct marketing approach by Nokia – selling to the developing countries. This phone is capable of lasting for up to 400 hours and also has a built in flashlight which are essential functions in the parts of the world where electricity is scarce. Interestingly Nokias one billionth phone sold was a Nokia 1100 purchased in Nigeria. In Europe and North America on the other hand the company focuses on each country individually as personal income fluctuates highly depending on the region; however as over all the consumers in these areas are more technologically conscious and have higher incomes Nokia naturally sells more mid to higher end phones. Nokia’s most expensive mass produced phone was the Nokia 8800 Gold Edition which cost a whopping ? 1459. This demonstrates company’s diversity, with the ability to find a niche in the mobile phone market both ways – for the lower and higher end devices. Recently however due to the effects of the global economical recession the company introduced a new line of budget phones, hence indicating the flexibility and adaptability of the company. 3 . 2 Logistics Nokia manufactures mobile devices and related Internet and communications industries, with over 123,000 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 41 billion and operating profit of â‚ ¬1. billion as of 2009. As of December 2009, Nokia had R presence in 16 countries and employed 37,020 people in research and development, representing approximately 30% of the groups total workforce. The Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is Nokias industrial research unit consisting of about 500 researchers, engineers and scientists. It has sites in seven countries: Finland, China, India, Kenya, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Besides its research centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and owns) INdT – Nokia Institute of Technology, a R institute located in Brazil. Nokias industrial design department is headquartered in Soho in London, England with significant satellite offices in Helsinki, Finland and Calabasas, California in the USA. Recently the company signed a memorandum with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a new plant near the city in Jucu commune. Moving the production from the Bochum, Germany factory to a low wage country created major dissatisfaction in Germany. The politicians in Germany even boycotted the company by trading their mobile phones to other brands. The German officials even threatened Nokia by demanding 60 million Euros which the company received in subsidies, however one of Nokia’s Chairmen replied â€Å"Unfortunately, the costs of labour, including non-wage labour costs, in Germany are not competitive enough for the mass-production of Nokia products†. This just shows how the differences and changes in the RULC in combination with various taxes on imports/exports including other important factors can steer a company like Nokia away from one country to another. . 3 Acquisitions Acquisitions are a big part of any large corporation these days and they are very important in many fundamental ways including strategically, economically and time management wise. In present times every second counts as information travels virtually instantly from one end of the globe to the other, hence a company may save valuable time and resources by acquiring another firm, which will most likely be established in the market and only s ome reorganisation may be needed. During the past few years Nokia has been actively acquiring companies with new technologies and competencies, including also investments in minority positions. Since December 1997, Nokia has acquired 41 companies or businesses. To name a few more notable acquisitions: †¢ In 2003 Nokia acquired Sega. com, a branch of Sega which became the major basis to develop the Nokia N-Gage device. This was a very notably strategic and innovative move, because the company later launched the first gaming/mobile device on such mass market. Although the device sold over 3 million units it was still considered a failure, yet it still was a very innovative move from Nokia. †¢ On June 19, 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies would merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world’s largest network firms, Nokia Siemens Networks. Each company has a 50% stake in the infrastructure company, and it is headquartered in Espoo, Finland. The companies predicted annual sales of â‚ ¬16 billion and cost savings of â‚ ¬1. 5 billion a year by 2010. About 20,000 Nokia employees were transferred to this new company. †¢ In October 2007 Nokia bought Navteq, a U. S. -based supplier of digital mapping data, for a price of $8. 1 billion. Nokia Ovi Maps use Navteq’s maps in Smartphone’s. Ovi Maps provides offline maps, eliminating the need for a constant internet data feed. †¢ On April 10, 2010, Nokia announced its acquisition of MetaCarta, whose technology was planned to be used in the area of local search, particularly involving location and other services. Part 4 – Evaluation and recommendations . 1 Rugman and Collinsons integration-responsiveness framework Nokia is in the transnational strategy (T) quadrant as it faces high local responsiveness and high global integration. The company operates in a market with strong international cost and price competitiveness pressures but it must meet such challenges while paying due regard to the high political sensitivities of host governments (like in the case m entioned previously when Germany didn’t agree to the relocation of one of the production plants) and agencies. . 2 PEST analysis |Political |Changes in the future taxation policies are a possible issue as there still are countries which struggle to | | |regain economic muscle after the recession, hence it’s very likely to see some changes in weaker economy | | |countries. | |Changes in subsidies or financial funding, especially in developing economies can lead to increased costs in | | |the company | | |Changes in trade bodies is an ongoing issue, as globalization is advancing the pace in the changes between | | various trading parties are very likely to influence import/export costs along with other unforeseeable | | |impacts. | | |Political instability in countries such as North Korea, Afghanistan and Iraq can lead to global political | | |insecurities, hence unpredictably effecting business behaviour worldwide. |Economical |Overall economic situation, especially fut ure economic fluctuations | | |Changes in consumer spending can influence the demand greatly | | |Changes in government spending | | |Exchange rates can increase/decrease import/export costs | |Social |Ageing populations such as China along with many other European countries can influence the design of future | | |mobile phones | | |Social networking sites such as Facebook and twitter are changing the accessibility to the consumers | | |Lifestyle patterns and changes | | |Media views and perceptions | | |Ethnic and religious differences | |Technological |Current and future technological innovations | | |The level of research funding | | |Changes in means of consumer purchase | | |Intellectual property rights and copyright infringements | | |Global communication technological advances | | |Digitalization of things like books | 4. 3 SWOT analysis Strengths |Leading mobile phone company by market share | | |Sales in more than 150 countries | | |Innovative company | | |20 year experience in mobile phones | | |Global brand awareness | | |Widespread Location | | |Offers products in various price ranges | | |Corporately responsible company | | |Environmentally conscious | |Weaknesses |Slow and outdated Operating System (symbian) of mobile devices | | |Poor customer service | | |Slow comeback to competition (During the beginning of the iPhone era) | |Opportunities |New and innovative future products | | |MeeGo – new OS for netbooks | | |New approach towards developing companies | | |Partnerships with other organisations | | |Symbian^3 – a reboot of the old symbian operating system for mobile phones | |Threats |Political instability | | |Economical instability | | |Incredible sales of Apple iPhone and Google Android mobile phones | | |Market share loss to competitors | 4. 4 Conclusion Nokia is one of the leading global brands, however recently companies like Google and Apple started posing extremely dangerous threats with introduction of new products and services. These companies are taking over Nokia’s market share at extremely fast pace, especially in the smart phone sector. Other communication companies like Samsung, Sony Ericson and Motorola are also introducing innovative technologies and products. Nokia needs to quickly develop new mobile phones, especially with touch screen displays and also improve the hardware performance of its devices. Although investments are being made towards new operating system development for mobile phones the company need a completely different approach, as the early beta demonstrations are not looking up to par when compared to its competitors. Nokia also need to focus on the changing economical conditions in countries like China where the standard of living is changing drastically, hence more and more people are becoming possible future customers. The company should also take in to account the changing demographic situation worldwide, where most currently dominant economies are ageing; therefore it should prepare to shift its target clientele base from young adults towards older customers. The firm should also continue manufacturing simplistic devices as there are still plenty of possible customers with little technologic knowledge. 5. Bibliography Websites: Wikipedia. 2010. Nokia. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nokia [Accessed 28 November 2010]. Wikipedia. 2010. List of acquisitions by Nokia. [online] Available at: [Accessed 28 November 2010]. Wikipedia. 2010. Globalization. [online] Available at: [Accessed 28 November 2010]. Nokia. 2010. The story of Nokia. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29 November 2010]. Newlaunches. 2007. Nokias phone history timeline. [online] Available at: [Accessed 30 November 2010]. Articlesbase. 2007. Nokia the History. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 December 2010]. Dw-World. 2008. German Politicians Return Cell Phones Amid Nokia Boycott Calls. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 December 2010]. Spiegel Online International. 2008. German State Demands â‚ ¬60 Million from Nokia. online] Available at: [Accessed 12 December 2010]. Books: Wall, S. Minocha, S. and Rees. B. , 2010. International Business. 3rd ed. Pearson Education Limited. Griffiths, A. and Wall, S. 2008. Economics for business and management. 2nd ed. Pearson Education Limited. Brooks, I. Weatherston, J. and Wilkinson, G. 2010. The internationa l business environment. :challenges and changes. 2nd Ed. Financial Times/ Prentice Hall Dicken, P. 2007. Global shift :mapping the changing contours of the world economy. 6th ed. Sage Publications Ltd. Cullen, B. J, and Parboteeah P. K. 2009. International business :strategy and the multinational company. 1st ed. T F Books US

Halford Mackinder essays

Halford Mackinder essays Halford Mackinder created what is now known as "geopolitics," which relates international political power to the physical setting (Gray 4). Ultimately, Mackinder recognized recurring patterns in the power of landed countries, and he predicted the world's most powerful nations would be those with the most land. Seapower also plays a role in conquest, but not as great as those with superior landpower do. Great Britain, long known for its command of naval prowess, refused to recognize Mackinder's theories, and so, they left themselves wide open to land attack from Germany in the beginnings of World War II. Mackinder proved his theories by looking back in history at the most successful powers in European and Asian conquest. "According to Mackinder, the history of Eurasia is a history of the competition between security communities preeminent in seapower and those preeminent in landpower" (Gray 5). While seapower dominated much of early conquest and colonialism, Mackinder recognized there were many areas of Eurasia that were simply inaccessible by any sea force. He called this the "Heartland," or the "Geographical Pivot of History," and he began to warn nations that whoever dominated this pivotal area of Eurasia, whether it was Russia, Germany, China, or even Japan, would someday be in a position to dominate the world's political processes. This came to be when Germany attacked Poland, and began World War II. Mackinder wanted to create a "cordon sanitaire" as a buffer that would separate Germany and Russia, thus helped to diffuse the Heartland's power, but his recommendation was ignored. After the end of World War II, Mackinder's theories were reexamined, and his worry that the U.S.S.R. would come out of the war as a dominant world superpower proved to be correct. Ultimately, Mackinder urged an Atlantic alliance of the United States, Great Britain, and France, to try t...

Individual assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual assignment - Essay Example During the marketing strategies that Unilever implements for their brands, they can get to know through the response of the customers about which marketing activity has been successful for a particular brand and which strategy has been unsuccessful. Different types of management strategies are applicable during the various circumstances and therefore Unilever always need to learn and have an awareness of the latest management practices that facilitates the organization to become a successful organization. The strategies that are developed by Unilever cannot be kept on being implemented always and forever. It needs to change according to the market results of the products of Unilever. So accordingly after the marketing of the products, Unilever learns which are the most appropriate and suitable strategy that should be implemented in their organization. The learning is school is quite applicable and can be strongly related to Unilever. The industry has some benchmarked management practices and procedures that if applied by organizations will allow the organizations to become successful. Unilever as it is a professional organization and strives to maintain its market leader position need to focus on the benchmarked rules that are present in the industry. The various strategies being implemented in Unilever is emerged as the organization is proceeding further and they adapt to the changing market environments and then learn to change their strategies according to the market demand and implement those strategies that may attract the customers towards their organization’s product. Unilever at times may face complex and unpredictable situations from their competitors and this may cause pressure on the organization as they may have to immediately change their strategies of working and marketing their products. Unilever being a